本案例来自某客户的expdp dmp从服务器上下载下来存档之后，删除了服务器上的dmp，后来需要导入的时候发现导入报错。
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[oracle@dbtest ~]$ impdp \'/ as sysdba\' dumpfile=SHJZ_20211108.DMP directory=dir1 Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 2 00:25:59 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ORA-39001: invalid argument value ORA-39000: bad dump file specification ORA-31619: invalid dump file "/root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP" |
看名字应该是每天都会对用户进行expdp导出。对于这类损坏的dmp文件应该如何恢复呢？oracle内部提供了DUL恢复工具，当然DUL的作用并不仅仅是抽取dmp文件，其他功能本文就不介绍了。
DUL针对exp dmp和expdp dmp分别使用unexp和unpump命令去处理，基本用法如下所示：
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UNEXP [TABLE] [ owner . ] table name ( column list ) [ DIRECT ] DUMP FILE dump file name FROM begin offset [ UNTIL end offset ] [ MINIMUM minimal number of columns COLUMNS ] ; To unload data from a corrupted exp dump file. No special setup or configuration is required, just the compatible parameter. The start offset should be where a row actually begins. UNPUMP To unload data from a corrupted expdp (datapump) dump file. This is still work in progress, the basic commands work but rather complex to use. Contact me if this is needed. |
由于本案例是expdp dmp，所以只会演示expdp dmp的抽取。
可以通过dump expdp头部去查看dmp基本情况
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DUL> unpump header dump file /root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP ; Version is 769 check sum is 2419485821 data pump id is 6783164 master_obj_no is 174568 header blocks is 1 data pump file number is 1 block size is 4096 character set id is 852 master table block offset is 4074322 (Master table is at byte offset (4074322 -1) * 4096 = 16688418816) master table size is 6707128 |
从dmp的头部dump可以看到dmp的version以及字符集等等信息。由于该dmp是一个按用户导出的dmp，下面我只以某个表为例开始进行恢复演示。
首先扫描dmp文件，可以看到dmp里有多少个表，以及每个表的magic number offset。需要注意的是导出时产生的master table export开头的全局临时表也在其中。都在dmp的最后面记录。
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DUL> unpump scan dump file /root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP ; Magic number found at offset 1527808 Magic number found at offset 8841867264 Magic number found at offset 11197063168 Magic number found at offset 13662593024 Magic number found at offset 14433591296 Magic number found at offset 15110955008 Magic number found at offset 15561711616 Magic number found at offset 15794450432 Magic number found at offset 15963017216 Magic number found at offset 16080470016 Magic number found at offset 16177405952 Magic number found at offset 16241639424 Magic number found at offset 16276807680 Magic number found at offset 16309780480 Magic number found at offset 16336015360 Magic number found at offset 16360472576 Magic number found at offset 16384823296 Magic number found at offset 16408399872 Magic number found at offset 16428630016 Magic number found at offset 16447819776 Magic number found at offset 16465948672 Magic number found at offset 16482537472 Magic number found at offset 16495595520 Magic number found at offset 16505315328 Magic number found at offset 16513224704 Magic number found at offset 16519475200 Magic number found at offset 16525840384 Magic number found at offset 16532434944 Magic number found at offset 16538030080 Magic number found at offset 16543121408 Magic number found at offset 16548323328 Magic number found at offset 16553639936 Magic number found at offset 16559087616 Magic number found at offset 16564649984 Magic number found at offset 16570327040 Magic number found at offset 16576118784 Magic number found at offset 16582025216 Magic number found at offset 16588046336 Magic number found at offset 16592605184 Magic number found at offset 16597778432 Magic number found at offset 16601837568 Magic number found at offset 16606011392 Magic number found at offset 16610299904 Magic number found at offset 16614703104 Magic number found at offset 16619220992 Magic number found at offset 16623853568 Magic number found at offset 16628600832 Magic number found at offset 16633462784 Magic number found at offset 16638439424 Magic number found at offset 16642838528 Magic number found at offset 16647127040 Magic number found at offset 16650731520 Magic number found at offset 16654446592 Magic number found at offset 16658276352 Magic number found at offset 16662220800 Magic number found at offset 16664862720 Magic number found at offset 16667246592 Magic number found at offset 16669941760 Magic number found at offset 16672182272 Magic number found at offset 16674291712 Magic number found at offset 16676020224 Magic number found at offset 16678350848 Magic number found at offset 16680804352 Magic number found at offset 16683094016 Magic number found at offset 16683638784 Magic number found at offset 16684367872 Magic number found at offset 16684896256 Magic number found at offset 16685228032 Magic number found at offset 16685486080 Magic number found at offset 16685740032 Magic number found at offset 16685993984 Magic number found at offset 16686305280 Magic number found at offset 16686563328 Magic number found at offset 16686776320 Magic number found at offset 16687005696 Magic number found at offset 16687157248 Magic number found at offset 16687255552 Magic number found at offset 16687325184 Magic number found at offset 16687394816 Magic number found at offset 16687456256 Magic number found at offset 16687558656 Magic number found at offset 16687636480 Magic number found at offset 16687710208 Magic number found at offset 16687767552 Magic number found at offset 16687824896 Magic number found at offset 16687882240 Magic number found at offset 16687972352 Magic number found at offset 16687984640 Magic number found at offset 16687996928 Magic number found at offset 16688013312 Magic number found at offset 16688029696 Magic number found at offset 16688037888 Magic number found at offset 16688050176 Magic number found at offset 16688058368 Magic number found at offset 16688070656 Magic number found at offset 16688087040 Magic number found at offset 16688119808 Magic number found at offset 16688132096 Magic number found at offset 16688144384 Magic number found at offset 16688156672 Magic number found at offset 16688168960 Magic number found at offset 16688181248 Magic number found at offset 16688193536 Magic number found at offset 16688205824 Magic number found at offset 16688230400 Magic number found at offset 16688242688 Magic number found at offset 16688250880 Magic number found at offset 16688279552 Magic number found at offset 16688287744 Magic number found at offset 16688295936 Magic number found at offset 16688320512 Magic number found at offset 16688353280 Magic number found at offset 16688361472 Magic number found at offset 16688369664 Magic number found at offset 16688386048 Magic number found at offset 16688402432 Magic number found at offset 16688410624 Magic number found at offset 16688418816 |
使用hexdump或者od -x去看对应的offset可以发现Magic number 基本都是0xffff2424。 Magic number个人认为意义在于能更快更好的定位到dmp中表的位置，比如我们这里要抽取表SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION，可以通过一些脚本去首先定位该表的 Magic number ，比如我这里的方法：
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[root@dbtest ~]# strings /root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP |grep OWNER_NAME|sed 's/>/|/g'|sed 's/</|/g'|awk -F'|' '{print $37,$45}'|grep -v SYS_EXPORT 142469 PCHECK 142472 PFAMILY_INFO 142481 PEVALUATION_BATCH 142499 TDOLOG 142299 PLOWMONEY 142290 PLOWMONEY_0804 142461 PATT 142486 PFAMILY_RECORD 142289 PLOWMONEYBAK2019108 142298 PLOWMONEYNEW 142437 MESSAGES 142466 TUSER 142434 PALIMONY_VARY 142293 SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION 142417 PALIMONY 142449 PALIMONY_VARYDETAIL 142415 PMEMBER 142424 PMEMBER_VARY 142429 PCOMPARISON 142448 PALIMONY_DETAIL 142280 PATT2 142291 ST_PEOPLE 142423 PINCOME_VARY 142416 PINCOME 142304 ST_DEATH 142436 PCHECK_INFO 142443 PSURVEY_INFO 142287 P_WX_REPORT 142301 ST_RECORD 142422 PREDUCE_PAY 142440 PEVALUATE 142421 PPROPERTY 142425 PPROPERTY_VARY 142427 PPUB_DETAIL 142435 PREDUCE_VARY 142319 P_WX_POLICY_BULLETIN 142439 PMEMBER_TEMP 142458 TPOINT 142426 PPUB_NOTICE 142418 SMS_INFO 142454 TPOOR 142460 PMEMBER_RECORD 142281 TEMP_XX 142408 TROLETAUTH 142455 PFAMILY_CHANGE 142456 PFAMILY_MERGE 142457 PMEMBER_MERGE 142430 POBJECTION 142412 QH 142404 TAUTH 142410 TDIC 142459 TNOT_GIVE 142282 TPOOR_HQTEMP 142284 TPOOR_HQTEMP_QP 142409 TUSERTROLE 142438 MESSAGES_TEMPLATE 142462 PDB_PAY 142463 PDB_PAY_DETAIL 142300 PLOWMONEY_BAK20200801 142286 P_WX_HOTLINE 142446 SHIFT 142447 SHIFTORDER 142420 SMS_TEMPLET 142294 ST_CYCLE 142302 ST_CYCLE_VALIDATION 142295 ST_PUSH 142303 SYS_CONFIGURE 142465 TAPPROVALSET 142411 TBASE_SEQUENCE 142414 TCOMPUTE_BASE 142405 TDEPT 157891 TEMP_CARDNO 142431 TFORMULA 142452 TFORMULA_NOTE 142450 TGROUP 142428 TLABOR 142406 TMENU 142444 TPER_ANALYSIS 142413 TPER_INCOME 142283 TPOOR_HQTEMP_GP 142453 TPROHIBIT 142407 TROLE 142433 TSECURITY_TYPE 142432 TSTANDARD 142442 TSYNC 142451 TUSERGROUP |
左边是表在导出库里的object_id，可以看到 SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION 在第14行，那么该表在dmp中的Magic number offset为16309780480
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DUL> unpump stream header dump file /root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP from 16309780480; magic number is 0xffff2424 version is 10 flags is 0x00 meta data length is 6003 relative meta data offset is 4096 table data length is 26221534 relative table data offset is 10104 granule length is 24 relative granule offset is 26231640 Table data from 16309790584 until 16336012118 Meta data character set is 852, ZHS16GBK <?xml version="1.0"?><ROWSET><ROW> <STRMTABLE_T><VERS_MAJOR>1</VERS_MAJOR><VERS_MINOR>1 </VERS_MINOR><VERS_DPAPI>3</VERS_DPAPI><ENDIANNESS>2</ENDIANNESS><CHARSET>ZHS16GBK</CHARSET><NCHARSET>AL16UTF16</NCHARSET><DBTIMEZONE>+00:00</DBTIMEZONE><FDO>0000006001240F050B0C030C0C0504050D0609070805050505050F05050505050A050505050504050607080823472347081123081141B0470083035407D00300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000</FDO><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><OWNER_NAME>SHJZ</OWNER_NAME><NAME>SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION</NAME><PROPERTY>536870912</PROPERTY><COL_LIST><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>1</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>1</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>1</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>1</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>1</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>SID</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>100</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>2</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>100</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>2</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>2</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>2</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>2</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>2</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>PID</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>100</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>1</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>100</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>3</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>3</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>3</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>3</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>3</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>VIDEO</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>500</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>500</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>4</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>4</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>4</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>4</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>4</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>RESULTS</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>100</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>100</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>5</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>5</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>5</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>5</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>5</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>VALIDATION_TIME</NAME><TYPE_NUM>12</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>7</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>0</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>0</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>0</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>6</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>6</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>6</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>6</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>6</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>WHY</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>255</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>255</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>7</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>7</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>7</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>7</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>7</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>CREATE_USER</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>100</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>100</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>8</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>8</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>8</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>8</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>8</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>CREATE_TIME</NAME><TYPE_NUM>12</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>7</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>0</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>0</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>0</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>9</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>9</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>9</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>9</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>9</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>UPDATE_USER</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>100</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>100</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>10</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>10</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>10</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>10</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>10</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>UPDATE_TIME</NAME><TYPE_NUM>12</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>7</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>0</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>0</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>0</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>11</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>11</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>11</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>11</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>11</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>VALIDATION_TYPE</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>10</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>10</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>12</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>12</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>12</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>12</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>12</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>AUDIT_REASON</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>5</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>5</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM><COL_LIST_ITEM><OBJ_NUM>142293</OBJ_NUM><COL_NUM>13</COL_NUM><INTCOL_NUM>13</INTCOL_NUM><SEGCOL_NUM>13</SEGCOL_NUM><COL_SORTKEY>13</COL_SORTKEY><BASE_INTCOL_NUM>13</BASE_INTCOL_NUM><BASE_COL_TYPE>0</BASE_COL_TYPE><PROPERTY>0</PROPERTY><NAME>REMARK</NAME><TYPE_NUM>1</TYPE_NUM><LENGTH>200</LENGTH><NOT_NULL>0</NOT_NULL><CHARSETID>852</CHARSETID><CHARSETFORM>1</CHARSETFORM><CHARLENGTH>200</CHARLENGTH></COL_LIST_ITEM></COL_LIST></STRMTABLE_T> </ROW></ROWSET> |
可以看到表结构的xml信息以及从 Table data from 16309790584 until 16336012118 可以看出该表数据的offset区间。下面开始抽取工作：
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DUL> unpump table SHJZ.SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION (SID VARCHAR2(100), PID VARCHAR2(100), VIDEO VARCHAR2(500), RESULTS VARCHAR2(100), VALIDATION_TIME DATE, WHY VARCHAR2(255), CREATE_USER VARCHAR2(100), CREATE_TIME DATE, UPDATE_USER VARCHAR2(100), UPDATE_TIME DATE, VALIDATION_TYPE VARCHAR2(10), AUDIT_REASON VARCHAR2(5), REMARK VARCHAR2(200)) dump file /root/SHJZ_20211108.DMP from 16309790584 until 16336012118; 168707 rows unloaded |
可以看到数据完整的抽取了出来，抽取出来的文件需要用sqlldr去导入
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[oracle@dbtest dul]$ sqlldr SHJZ/SHJZ control=SHJZ_SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION.ctl SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 2 02:09:40 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Commit point reached - logical record count 64 Commit point reached - logical record count 128 Commit point reached - logical record count 192 Commit point reached - logical record count 256 Commit point reached - logical record count 322 Commit point reached - logical record count 386 Commit point reached - logical record count 450 Commit point reached - logical record count 514 Commit point reached - logical record count 578 ... Commit point reached - logical record count 168373 Commit point reached - logical record count 168437 Commit point reached - logical record count 168501 Commit point reached - logical record count 168565 Commit point reached - logical record count 168629 Commit point reached - logical record count 168693 Commit point reached - logical record count 168720 SQL> select count(*) FROM shjz.SP_SURVIVALVALIDATION; COUNT(*) ---------- 168694 |
该表已经成功导入，整体的使用过程还是非常简单的，但是如果dmp中表非常多，那么手工单独去处理还是比较麻烦的，必须得用脚本来处理。